PNG vs JPG vs GIF vs BMP vs TIF
We all have heard about most of these file formats, and many of us know exactly when to use which, but many others don’t. So, here is a quick tutorial.
Raster vs. Vector
Before we go into the five file formats picked, it is good to know that there are two main graphic families, Raster and Vector, and all the image file formats listed below belong to the Raster family. The Raster graphics are made of pixels while Vector graphics are made of paths. Also, when you are talking about BITMAP, you mean Raster.
Lossy vs Lossless compression
Again, image file formats can be distinguished based on the compression effects: Uncompressed file format takes the most amount of data and is the exact representation of the image.
JPG/JPEG/JFIF images
Full form: Joint Photographic Experts Group. Extension: .jpg/.jpeg The commonest image file format that digital cameras save their images in. JPEG files apply the lossy compression method which can help reduce the file size significantly without compromising the quality. This is the default format for Microsoft Paint files. Cons: This format is not immune to generational degradation. This means with every edit and resave; the image quality will deteriorate. Application: Still images, image capture device storage, light, and darkness focused images.
PNG image format
Full form: Portable Network Graphics Extension: .png This free open-source alternative to GIF offers 16 million colors. This is the best file format for true-color images that need perfect tone balance. The animated file format of PNG is available with the APNG format. These files have a transparent background. Cons: Works best with larger file sizes. The PNG format itself doesn’t support animated graphics. Application: Image editing, web images, images involving layers, like transparency or fading effects. It creates web friendly images.
TIF file extension
Full form: Tagged Image File Format. Extension: .tif/.tiff Flexible and easily extensible file format capable of handling device-specific color spaces. These files have a transparent background. They are perfect for company logos. Cons: Not ideal for web browsers. Application: Photographic file standard in print. OCR software packages.
GIF file format
Full form: Graphics Interchange Format Extension: .gif Though this one has a low compression ratio than most video formats, it is the most common image animation format. Cons: Limited to the 8-bit palette (256 colors), not suitable for photographic images or dithering. Application: Graphics that require few colors, for example, simplistic diagrams, logos, and animations that have large portions of a single color. Read: How to use GIF Files?
BMP image file format
Full form: Stands for Bitmap Extension: .bmp These large uncompressed files are associated with graphic files inside the Windows OS. Cons: This format is lossless, meaning it cannot be compressed. Application: Their simplistic structure makes them ideal for Windows programs. These are the commonest image file formats we use. Now that you know which one is ideal for what purpose, you will be able to manage your image files better.
